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Frederick Alexander Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell, CH, PC, FRS (5 April 18863 July 1957), pronounced , was an English physicist and an influential scientific adviser to the British government from the early 1940s to the early 1950s, particularly to Winston Churchill. He advocated the "area" bombing of German cities during the Second World War and doubted the sophistication of Nazi Germany's radar technology〔(''Secrets of World War II'' episode 5: The Bruneval Raid ). See also Operation ''Biting''.〕 and the existence of its "V" weapons programme. ==Early life, family and personality== Lindemann was the second of three sons of Adolphus Frederick Lindemann, who had emigrated to the United Kingdom circa 1871 and become naturalised.〔 - See especially p. 343.〕 Frederick was born in Baden-Baden in Germany where his American mother Olga Noble, the widow of a wealthy banker, was taking "the cure". After schooling in Scotland and Darmstadt, he attended the University of Berlin. He did research in physics at the Sorbonne that confirmed theories, first put forward by Albert Einstein, on specific heats at very low temperatures. For this and other scientific work, Lindemann was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1920.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1727 )〕 In 1911 he was invited to the Solvay Conference on "Radiation and the Quanta" where he was the youngest attendee. Lindemann was a teetotaler, non-smoker and a vegetarian, although Churchill would sometimes induce him to take a glass of brandy. He was an excellent pianist, and sufficiently able as a tennis player to compete at Wimbledon. He was known to friends as "the Prof" in reference to his position at the University of Oxford, and as "Baron Berlin" to his many detractors because of his German accent, arrogance and aristocratic manner. Lindemann believed that a small circle of the intelligent and the aristocratic should run the world, resulting in a peaceable and stable society, "led by supermen and served by helots." Some sources say that he was Jewish,〔(Oxford Jewish Personalities ), Oxford Chabad Society.〕 but Frederick Smith's biography says that he was not. Sometimes thought to be anti-democratic, insensitive and elitist, Lindemann supported eugenics, held the working class, homosexuals and blacks in contempt and supported sterilization of the mentally incompetent. Referring to Lindemann's lecture on Eugenics, Mukerjee concludes "Science could yield a race of humans blessed with 'the mental make-up of the worker bee'....At the lower end of the race and class spectrum, one could remove the ability to suffer or to feel ambition....Instead of subscribing to what he called 'the fetish of equality', Lindemann recommended that human differences be accepted and indeed enhanced by means of science. It was no longer necessary, he wrote, to wait for 'the haphazard process of natural selection to ensure that the slow and heavy mind gravitates to the lowest form of activity.'" 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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